Muri 1985, Major Theoneste Lizinde n’abandi 12, baburanishijwe n’urukiko rwa mbere rw’iremezo rwa Ruhengeri baregwa kwica abanyapolitiki bo muri repubulika ya mbere nyuma ya kudeta yo muri 1973.

Mu bababuranishije, harimo umwe wari uvuye muri prezidansi mu biro bishinzwe iperereza. Umva Murisanga, ikiganiro gitegurwa na Venuste Nshimiyimana , umenye n’abandi bari bagize urwo rukiko batabifitiye ubushobozi.

 (1878-1941) – Kanjogera yari umugore w’inkundwakazi w’umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugiri. Yabaye umugabekazi w’abami babiri: Nyiramibambwe ku ngoma ya Mibambwe IV Rutalindwa (1895-1896) na Nyirayuhi ku ngoma y’umuhungu we Yuhi V Musinga (1896-1931). Ni mwene Rwakagara na Nyiramashyongoshyo. Yari umuhererezi iwabo. Abavandimwe be bahuriye kuri se na nyina ni Cyigenza na Mbanzabigwi.

Rwakagara yarongoye Nyiramashyongoshyo, ariko yari asanzwe afite abandi bana aribo Kabare, Ruhinankiko, Ruhinajoro n’abandi yabyaranye n’Urujeni rwa Gahindiro. Naho Nyiramashyongoshyo we yatashye kwa Rwakagara afite Bicunda yari yarabyaranye na Runihangabo.

Nyiramashyongoshyo asumbakazwa na Rwakagara – bivuga ko yarongowe nawe yarigeze undi mugabo – byaturutse ku mugabekazi Nyiramavugo Nyiramongi nyina wa Mutara II Rwogera. Bavuga ko Nyiramashyongoshyo yarebye Rwakagara wari umutware w’ingabo z’Uruyange n’Ingeyo, ariko kandi ananutse cyane, nuko aravuga ati: “Rwakagara ni umutware ubereye ingabo ariko hari icyo abuze ngo abonere rwose.” Nuko umugabekazi Nyiramavugo abyumvise abona nta wundi wamwitaho uretse Nyiramashyongoshyo wari warabashije kubibona, maze ategeka musaza we Rwakagara kumucyura. 

Uko yabaye umugabekazi

Kanjogera ntiyanyuze mu nzira zari zimenyerewe ibwami mu kugirwa umugore w’umwami. Ubusanzwe abatware bo hirya no hino mu gihugu batoranyaga abakobwa b’abangavu bafite uburanga, bakabohereza ibwami, maze umwami akabatoranyamo uzamubera umugore. 

Rwakagara amaze kubona atagishoboye gutwara ingabo yategekaga, yagiye kumenyesha umwami ko umuhungu we Giharamagara ariwe uzamuzungura.  Giharamagara amaze kuyobokwa n’izo ngabo, yaradamaraye, yibagirwa se. Ibi byarakaje Rwagakara, kandi atagishoboye kuba yavuguruza ibyo yari yarabwiye umwami ngo abe yakwambura umuhungu we ubutware.

Rwakagara ageze mu za bukuru, yasubiye ibwami agiye gusezera. Yarimbishije umukobwa we Kanjogera, afata n’imbyeyi y’umushishe, nuko asanga Rwabugiri i Bweramvura bwa Kinihira mu Kabagali. Yaravunyishije maze abwira Rwabugiri ko amuhaye ayo maturo kandi ko aje kumusezeraho. Gusa yongeyeho ko napfa bazamenya ko azize murenguzi (inzara) yatewe n’umuhungu we Giharamagara. 

Igihe Rwakagara yagarukaga ibwami agiye gusezera, yasanze Rwabugiri ari kwerera nyina Murorunkwere. Murorunkwere yari umugore wa Nkoronko, murumuna w’umwami Mutara II Rwogera. Nyuma umwami yaje gusaba Nkoronko ko bagurana abana kuko ngo yakundaga umwana we Sezisoni. Nyuma uwo Sezisoni yaje kuba umwami yitwa Kigeri IV Rwabugiri, nyina Murorunkwere aba umugabekazi. Nkoronko yaje gukwiza impuha ko Murorunkwere atwite kandi cyaraziraga ko uwabaye umugabekazi yongera kubyara. Umwami Kigeri IV Rwabugiri amaze kumva iyo nkuru yahise ategeka ko nyina yicwa. Amaze kwicisha nyina, yasabye ko hakorwa iperereza maze abagore basuzumye nyina bamubwira ko yarenganye ko atari atwite. Iyo nkuru yateye Rwabugiri uburakari ategeka ko abagize uruhare mu gutuma nyina yicwa nabo bakwicwa bose. Muri abo bishwe icyo gihe uretse Nkoronko, harimo abagore batatu b’ibwami. Muri bo harimo na Nyiraburunga, nyina wa Rutalindwa. Nyuma Rwabugiri amaze kwerera nyina yaje kurongora Kanjogera, aramukundwakaza. Ngo yaje kumugabira ingo zigera kuri esheshatu. Kanjogera yabyaranye n’umwami Rwabugiri Musinga na Munana. 

Uruhari mu ntambara yo ku Rucunshu

Mu mateka y’ibwami bivugwa ko n’ubwo Abiru bagenaga uzaba umwami, habayeho mu bihe binyuranye kurwanira ingoma hagati y’abana b’umwami, kenshi babaga bafite ba nyina batandukanye. Cyakora, mu gihe cyo ku Rucunshu ngo ni bwo bwa mbere mu barwaniraga ingoma, uwari warayirazwe ariwe Mibambwe IV Rutalindwa yayitsindiwe n’uwo bari bahanganye ariwe Musinga, ndetse akanapfa.

Imirwano yo ku Rucunshu hagati ya Rutalindwa na Musinga afatanyije na ba nyirarume aribo Kabare na Ruhinankiko, n’abari babashyigikiye harimo na Rwidegembya rwa Cyigenza cya Rwakagara, yabereye hafi ya Shyogwe uvuye i Kabgayi. Amakimbirane yaturutse kuri Rwabugiri, kubera ko yari yaratanze nyina (wa Rutalindwa) wagombaga kuzaba umugabekazi akicwa, kandi akaba yari yaragize Kanjogera w’umwega umugabekazi w’umutungerero, aho kumuha umugabekazi wo mu bwoko bw’abakono nyina wa Rutalindwa yakomokagamo. 

Bivugwako urwango hagati y’Abanyiginya babyaraga abami n’Abega baturukagamo abagabekazi ruturuka kuri Mutara II Rwogera. Ngo ajya gutanga yasabye ko Abega batazegera ingoma (batazatanga abagabekazi) byibuze ku ngoma z’abami 6 bakurikiranye. Umwami Rwabugiri amaze gutanga, Rutalindwa yimye ingoma uko byari biteganijwe. Rutalindwa yimitswe yararongoye anafite abana batatu ari bo Nyamuheshera, Sekarongoro na Rangira. Abiru b’inkoramutima za Rwabugiri, Bisangwa bya Rugombituri, murumuna we Sehene, na Mugugu wa Shumbusho wari n’umutware w’Ingabo z’Abarasa, umwami yabashinze kuzashyigikira Mibambwe Rutalindwa no kuzita ku by’izungura. Abega bayobowe na Kanjogera, bamaze kubona ko Rutalindwa yimye batangije gahunda yo kumukura ku ngoma. Babanje kumucaho abagaba bakomeye b’ingabo barimo Bisangwa woherejwe ku rugamba i Shangi akicirwayo agambaniwe.

Sehene we yaguye mu gico cy’abantu boherejwe na Kabare. Ariko abega babanje kumwangisha umwami Rutalindwa nuko aramutanga. Yaje kwitwikira mu nzu hamwe n’abe n’abavandimwe be barimo Semukamba na Karwanyi. Naho umunyiginya Muhamyangabo wari ushinzwe urugo rw’umwami rw’i Kigali rwacungwagwa na Musomandera muka Rutalindwa, yagiranye amatiku na nyirabuja, uyu abyumvisha umwami, nuko aramutanga, apfana n’umuvandimwe we Ndabahimye n’umuhungu we Mujuguri.

Abega barwanyaga Rutalindwa banashatse kandi amaboko mu bashoboraga gushyigikira umwami. Muri abo harimo Nshozamihigo watwaraga mu Marangara, Sharangabo watwaraga mu Buganza, Cyitatire watwaraga Bwanamukali na Baryinyonza murumuna wa Rutalindwa. Uyu muvandimwe yemeye gutatira mwene nyina yibwira ko ntacyo azaba, naho ngo Muhigirwa yemeye kubogamira kuri Musinga rwihishwa. Uruhande rwa Musinga rwigaruriye n’umwiru mukuru Rukangirashyamba wari umutsobe, bituma Abatsobe bose babogamira kuri Musinga. Umwiru witwa Rutikanga we yagumye ku ruhande rwa Rutalindwa.

Kuberako impande zombi zari ziteguye buri gihe ko zishobora kurwana, imbarutso yabonetse mu gihe umwami yari acumbitse i Rukaza ku musozi witwa Rucunshu ya Nyamabuye. Urugamba rwararemye, abarwanira Mibambwe IV Rutalindwa basatira inzu y’umugabekazi Kanjogera ari kumwe na Musinga barayigota ku buryo ngo Kanjogera yashatse no kwiyahura hamwe n’umuhungu we, maze Kabare akababuza. Ngo ariko baje gutabarwa n’ingabo z’Abatanyagwa zari ziyobowe n’umwega Rwamanywa rwa Mirimo; zikaba ngo zaraje ziturutse mu Budaha. Ngo zashushubikanyije iz’umwami Rutalindwa, zigota ingoro ye. Umwami abonye byamurangiranye, ngo yinjiye mu nzu arifungirana we n’abahungu be batatu, umugore we Kanyonga hamwe n’abayoboke be bitwikiramo.

Nyuma ngo nibwo Kabare ahagaze mu mirambo yateruye Musinga nuko abwira abari aho ati: “Rubanda, dore umwami w’ukuri Rwabugiri yaraze ingoma, ni Yuhi Musinga, naho Rutalindwa yari yarigize icyigomeke cyihaye ingoma.” Nuko ngo abari aho bamubwiye ko ingoma z’ingabe zahiriye mu ngoro ngo aravuga ati: “Haguma umwami, ingoma irabazwa.”

Ingaruka z’intambara yo ku Rucunshu

Mu ngaruka zakurikiye intambara yo ku Rucunshu harimo inzigo hagati y’imiryango imwe y’Abanyiginya n’Abega, gutesha agaciro ingoma y’ingabe Kalinga, yanateje kandi urujijo mu kumenya ukuri ku bwami bwa Yuhi Musinga. Abamushyirishijeho bemezaga ko Rutalindwa atari we mwami w’ukuri wagombaga guhabwa ingoma na se Rwabugiri. Ariko wasubira inyuma urebye ko Musinga yahawe izina ry’ubwami rya Yuhi ryagombaga gukurikira irya Mibambwe, ibi bikagaragaza ko abamushyizeho bemeraga ko Rutalindwa nawe yari umwami wemewe n’amategeko y’ubwiru.

Abafashije Musinga kugera ku bwami buhamye baragororewe. Muri abo ukurikije amoko, Abega nibo bari ku isonga, bagakurikirwa n’Abatsobe, hagataho Abanyiginya batashyigikiye Rutalindwa. Abakono bo babaye nk’ibicibwa mu Rwanda, bamwe ndetse bahungiye mu Buganda. Mu mwaka w’1910, abavugwa ko ingoma y’Abega yari ibakungahaje ni nka Kabare, Rwidegembya, Kayondo, Rwubusisi, Mpetamacumu, Nyirinkwaya n’abandi. Nyuma y’intambara yo ku Rucunshu, n’ibikorwa byo guhora kugirirwa nabi no kunyagwa byamaze imyaka irenga icumi. Muri rusange Nyirayuhi Kanjogera amateka y’u Rwanda akaba amuvuga nk’umugabekazi wagize akanerekana ubugome burenze urugero.

Umunyamateka Kagame Alegisi wabaye n’umwiru, mu gitabo cye cyitwa “La poésie dynastique au Rwanda,” avuga ko kubera ko Yuhi V Musinga, kuva mu bwana bwe, yabaye igikoresho cya sewabo Kabare na nyina Kanjogera, mu guhora no kwigarurira ubutegetsi, ntiyigeze yitegekera ubwe, kugeza abazungu bamukuye ku ngoma muri 1931. Iby’ubugome no gukorera mu kwaha k’umwami Musinga, bivugwa kuri Kanjogera, byashimangiwe kandi n’undi muhanga mu mateka y’u Rwanda, padiri Rudakemwa Fortunatusi, mu kiganiro yagiranye na Musabyimana Gasipari kuri Radiyo Inkingi, aho avuga ko abiru bagiriye Musinga inama mu mwaka w’1929 yo kwimika umwana we Rudahigwa we agasigara ari umwami w’icyubahiro. Ngo Musinga yagiye kugisha inama nyina, nyuma abiru bamubajije icyemezo yafashe, ababwira ko nyina Kanjogera yabyanze barumirwa.

Byanditswe na:

Maniragena Valensi
Murorunkwere Dariya
Nzeyimana Ambrozi

Ushaka kutwandikira yatwoherereza ubutumwa kuri email: valencem@mail.ru

¹ http://www.wikirwanda.org/index.php?title=Kanjogera_ni_muntu_ki_%3F

² Rutalindwa wategekanye na se atarapfa, yabaye umwami igihe gito nyuma ahitanwa n’imvururu zo ku Rucunshu. 

³ Mu mwaka w’1931 ababiligi bakuye umwami Musinga ku ngoma bamucira i Kamembe. Nyuma mu mwaka w’1941 baje kumucira i Moba muri Kongo ari naho yaguye mu mwaka w’1944.

⁴ Nyiramavugo Nyiramongi yari umugore w’umwami Yuhi IV Gahindiro.

⁵ Inkuru irambuye kuri Kigeri IV Rwabugiri (Sezisoni) iboneka mu gitabo cya Kagame Alexis, Les milices du Rwanda précolonial. Mémoire présenté le 16/07/1959. (pp 154-158)

⁶Abagabekazi bakomokaga mu bwoko butandukanye. Ingoma y’Abanyiginya itangira yabanje kugira umugabekazi w’Umuzigaba (1), ubundi bagakomoka mu Basinga(9), Abaha(3), Abakono (5), Umunyiginya (1) Umugesera (1) n’Abega (12). Kagame Alexis, Inganji Kalinga pp 102-105; Kabgayi 1943. 

⁷ Alexis Kagame, La poésie dynastique au Rwanda, Bruxelles, IRSAC, 1951, pp.30- 50. Iki gitabo Ndangali Christophe Segako akivugaho mu nyandiko ye yitwa “Les Tutsi, les Twa et les Hutu naissent et meurent avec leurs ethnies,” yasohotse kuri murandasi kuri website ya Musabyimana Gasipari  taliki ya 07/07/2020.

⁸ Icyo kiganiro uwashaka kucyumva yagisanga aha hakurikira – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xvu3eINMPjg kuri Youtube, kuva ku munota wa 45:06 kugeza ku munota wa 50:50. Cyitwa “Mgr Classe n’irondakoko mu burezi no mu nzara ya Rumanura – Uruhare mw’iyirukanwa rya Musinga.” Cyashyizwe kuri murarandasi kw’italiki ya 18/08/2020.

Hari hashize amezi atatu Ijwi ry’Amerika imutegereje. Izina mwari murizi, ariko mutaramwumva: Ni Commandant Francois Burasa.

Mu mwaka wa 1973, yari Lieutenant, afite inyenyeri ebyiri. Yari komiseri muri polisi y’igihugu yasheshwe kuri 26 Kamena 1973, ahita yinjira muri ngabo z’igihugu nyuma y’itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 73.

Burasa yari kumwe na Capitaine Gallican Nyamwasa, wari G2 mui Etat-Major y’ingabo z’u Rwanda, na Captaine David Mutabazi, wari commandant wungirije ushijwe kubakisha ibigo bya gisirikare n’abapolisi.

Uko ari batatu, bashyizwe mu kanama kakoze anketi ku banyapolitiki bafashwe mu ijoro ryo ku ya 5 Nyakanga 1973.

Commadant Burasa aziye igihe, kuko yari amaze iminsi izina rye rishyirwa mu majwi mu biganiro byabanje.

Mu kiganiro Murisanga gitegurwa kandi kikayoborwa na Venuste Nshimiyimana kuri Radio Ijwi ry’Amerika, Francois Burasa wari mu kanama kakoraga anketi ku banyapolitiki bafashwe nyuma ya Kudeta yo muri 1973 yabwiye umunyamakuru ati: “ko twari batatu, kandi arijye muto, kuki arijye bavuga abari bankuriye bakoraga iki» ?

Umunyarwandakazi Dr Christine Uwimana yamenye papa we nyuma y’imyaka 47 abifashijwemo n’Ijwi ry’Amerika. Nyina wa Dr Uwimana yitabye Imana nyuma ya Kudeta yabaye mu Rwanda muri 1973, apfira muri gereza ya Ruhengeri.

Agnes Kabarenzi wakoraga mu bitaro bya CHK i Kigali yafunzwe ku mpamvu na n’ubu zitaramenyekana.

Yafunzwe atwite inda y’amezi atatu, abyarira muri gereza ariko umwana ashobora gushohoka akivuka, ararerwa, ararukura.

igice cya mbere

igice cya kabiri

igice cya gatatu

igice cya kane

Yanditswe na Ben Barugahare

Mu nyandiko z’ibanga z’u Bufaranda ku gihe kibanziriza Jenoside yo muri Mata 1994 zigenda zijya ahabona gahoro gahoro, hamaze kugaragara n’inyandiko igaragaza uko u Bufaransa bwaburiye Perezida Habyarimana bukamumenyesha ko Inkotanyi zitunze misile nshya zibasha guhanura indege.

Ni urwandiko rwanditswe n’ubuyobozi bw’ingabo z’u Bufaransa kuwa 23 Gicurasi 1991. Rwashyizweho umukono na General Christian Quesnot wari umugaba w’ingabo wihariye wa Perezida w’u Bufaransa hagati ya 1991 na 1995

Mu rwandiko rwe rwandikiwe Umukuru w’Igihugu, yamumenyeshaga ko hagati y’itariki ya 17 na 18 Gicurasi 1991 abo yise inyeshyamba z’Abatutsi b’Abagande zateye u Rwanda mu Majyaruguru ashyira uburasirazuba, ariko icyo gitero kikaburizwamo n’ingabo z’u Rwanda.

Akomeza avuga ko mu bikoresho inkotanyi zateye zasize ku rugamba harimo na Misile irasirwa ku butaka ijya mu kirere yo mu bwoko bwa SAM16 ikiri nshya, kandi ibasha gusandarira mu birometero bitanu.

Gen Quesnot agaragaza ko ibi bikoresho bikomeye bisa n’ibyatanzwe na Uganda, ari ikimenyetso kibi cy’imbaraga zikomeye ibihugu by’amahanga biri guha abateye u Rwanda. Ati biramutse bigaragaye ko Uganda yabyijanditsemo, haba hakenewe mu buryo bwihuse kubiganiraho na Perezida Museveni .

Akomeza agira ati: “Naho ubundi twaba dufite akaga ko kwisanga ahari ibyago by’ikwirakwizwa ry’intaro zirasa indege zaba iza Gisivile cyangwa iza gisirikare. Gen Quesnot asoza agaragaza ko u Bufaransa bufite uburyo bwiza bwo gukurikirana intwaro nk’izo busanzwe bukora, ko ariko hari abandi batabyubahiriza.

Uru rwandiko rugaragajwe mu gihe Leta y’u Rwanda ikomeje gushinjwa ko umutwe wahoze ari FPR ishyaka riri ku butegetsi ari wo warashe indege yarimo Perezida Habyarimana na Ntarayamira w’u Burundi, igikorwa cy’iterabwoba mpuzamahanga, ariko iyi Leta igakomeza kubihakana, ibyegeka ku bahoze mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda FAR.

Ubu bwoko ba misile SAM 16 ni nabwo bwemejwe ko bwakoreshejwe haraswa indege FALCON 50 ya Perezida Habyarimana kuwa 06 Mata 1994.

Yanditswe na Ben Barugahare

Tariki ya 05/06/1994 tariki ya 05/06/2021, imyaka ibaye 27 roho z’abiciwe i Gakurazo muri Perefegitura ya Gitarama (mu Ntara y’majyepfo ubu)  zitaratuza kubwo kutabona ubutabera, ababo basigaye nabo bakibaza impamvu byirengagijwe ndetse bikibagirana.

I Gakurazo hiciwe abihaye imana ba Kiliziya gatorika benshi, barimo Abasenyeri, abapadiri, n’abakiristu basanzwe.

Abahaguye harimo  Musenyeri Thadée Nsengiyumva, wari Umushumba wa Diyosezi ya Kabgayi, Arikiyepisikopi Vincent Nsengiyumva, wa Kigali na Musenyeri Joseph Ruzindana, umwana muto w’imyaka umunani witwaga Sheja Richard, hamwe n’abandi benshi.

Arikepisikopi Thaddée Nsengiyumva afite amateka yihariye, uhereye ku kuba ari we wasimbuye Musenyeri André  Perraudain w’Umusuwisi, ugarukwaho cyane mu mateke ya Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda no mu mateka ya politiki y’u Rwanda.

Reba amazina y’abiciwe I Gakurazo

Urutonde rw’abiciwe I Gakurazo taliki ya 5 Mata 1994

Abasenyeri 3:

1- Musenyeri Vincent NSENGIYUMVA, arikepiskopi wa Kigali,
2- Musenyeri Joseph RUZINDANA, umwepiskopi wa Byumba
3- Musenyeri Thaddée NSENGIYUMVA, umwepiskopi wa Kabgayi akaba na Perezida wa Conférence Episcopale

Abapadiri 9 bo muri diyosezi ya Kabgayi, hakiyongeraho umwe wo muri Diyosezi ya Nyundo

4- Padiri Diyonizi MUTABAZI wo muri Diyosezi ya Nyundo
5- Musenyeri Yohani Mariya Vianney RWABILINDA, Vicaire Général;
6- Musenyeri Inosenti GASABWOYA, wahoze ari Vicaire Général;
7- Padiri Emmanuel UWIMANA, Recteur wa Seminari Nto,
8- Padiri Sylvestre NDABERETSE, Econome Général,
9-Padiri Bernard NTAMUGABUMWE, représentant préfectoral de l’enseignement catholique,
10- Padiri François Xavier MULIGO, Padiri Mukuru wa cathédrale
11- Padiri Alfred KAYIBANDA
12- Padiri Fidèle GAHONZIRE

Umufurere 1:

13- Yohani Batista NSINGA, Supérieur Général w’Abafurere b’Abayosefiti

Umusivili 1:

14- Sheja Richard (umwana w’imyaka 8).

Ubwicanyi bwabereye i Gakurazo bwakomereje na Byimana ahaguye benshi, inkotanyi zabarimarimye ntizababariye abana n’abagore. Mu minsi ishize imirambo ya bamwe muri bo yatangiye gutabururwa muri gahunda ngari yo gusibanganya ibimenyetso, aho FPR na Leta ya Kigali bagenda bataburura Abahutu bashyinguwe mu byobo rusange cyangwa mu miringoti, bakabita abatutsi bari batarashyingurwa mu cyubahiro. Ibi bikaba byaratangiye nyuma y’ikibazo cyagushije mu kimwaro gikomeye Leta ya FPR, nyuma yo kwanga gushyingura imirambo y’I Rulindo, y’Abahutu bishwe n’ingabo zayo muri 1994.

Tugarutse ku mateka y’i Gakurazo, abarokotse basanga hari ibigomba guhinduka, bakagira inama Leta y’u Rwanda

Mu mwaka wa 2013 ku itariki ya 05 Kamena, abarokokeye I Gakurazo bandikiye Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bazisaba gukurikirana Gen Brig Innocent Kabandana , icyo gihe akaba yari Military Attaché muri Ambasade y’u Rwanda muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.  Yagize uruhare rukomeye mu guhiga no kubuza amahwemo Abanyarwanda batavuga rumwe na Leta ya Kigali babarizwaga ku butaka bwa Amerika na Canada.

Ubu Kabandana afite ipeti rya Gen Maj, niwe wayoboye gahunda yo kwica abihaye Imana b’iGakurazo afatanyije na Gen Brig Wilson Gumisiriza, ku mabwiriza ya Gen Ibingira na Gen Paul Kagame.

Soma Ibindi birambuye mu nkuru twabagejejeho (2017), ifitanye isano n’amateka y’i gakurazo